See krowa on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nKashubian krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nKashubian krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krówka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowina",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krówsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiszcze",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiany",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "krowianny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "comment",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krową",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowò",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karwa",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi,krowiany,krowianny",
"aug": "krówsko,krowiszcze,krowisko",
"dim": "krówka,krowina"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krówka or krowina, augmentative krówsko or krowiszcze or krowisko, related adjective krowi or krowiany or krowianny)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 48 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 48 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "csb:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 5 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "csb:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 0 5 49",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "csb:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-csb-noun-20r2MhOb",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krusza"
},
{
"word": "mùża"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "csb:Weaving",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 48 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 48 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 54 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horn (part of a loom where the roller on which the finished canvas is wound that resembles the horn of a cow)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-csb-noun-QX0HOqMy",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving) horn (part of a loom where the roller on which the finished canvas is wound that resembles the horn of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cow (woman, especially a fat one)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-csb-noun-eTeZZJOs",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) cow (woman, especially a fat one)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 5 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "csb:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 0 5 49",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "csb:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (female member of the European bison)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-csb-noun-MFOkimih",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*korva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korva",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱerh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *korva, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krowam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "krowka"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krowka)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krow"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-1"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "dsb:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 0 0 28 4 1 5 5 3 1 3 11 17 1 5 1 0 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 0 0 20 5 1 6 6 4 1 4 13 19 0 6 1 0 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "krowaŕ"
},
{
"word": "krowcycka"
},
{
"word": "krowicka"
},
{
"word": "krowiny"
},
{
"word": "krowisko"
},
{
"word": "krowiś se"
},
{
"word": "krowjecy"
},
{
"word": "krowjeńc"
},
{
"word": "krowkaŕ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"id": "en-krowa-dsb-noun-vrE0dUkQ",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.wa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔwa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "krowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "krowa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1174"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1174",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva. First attested in 1174.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (related adjective krowi)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krowa",
"10": "krowę",
"11": "krowie",
"12": "-",
"13": "-",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "-",
"17": "-",
"18": "krowach",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "krowy",
"4": "krowy",
"5": "krowu",
"6": "krów",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinoga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinożyna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowisz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowodrze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krówka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cow that gives milk",
"text": "mleczna krowa",
"translation": "cow that gives milk"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 18, Poznań:",
"text": "Czso Katherzina crowe zastala, to ne bila yey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 295, Poznań:",
"text": "Ta crowa, czso Czestkoui *vcardzona, tey Jacusz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 283, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako Maczey ne vcradl Voynovi crovi, ale yø nalasl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1760, Pyzdry; Gniezno; Kościan:",
"text": "Czo Szorbe crowi *vcragzoni, tich *Wafzrinecz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 67, 33, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:",
"text": "Tarzi zwerze trzczane sgromadzene iunczow wkrowach ludzskich bichø wicysnøly ie gisz kuszeni sø srzebrem",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1888 [1410], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 52:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1631, Płońsk:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1872 [XV in.], Konstanty Małkowski, editor, Przegląd najdawniejszych pomników języka polskiego, page 118:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1621, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne wzøl Gethce *dyww croww za dwe cope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1413], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1953, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne winowata[…] [cz]tirdzesanth grossy przes thwv [z]a crowø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
74
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1417], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 926, Poznań:",
"text": "Taco mu pomoz bog[…], yaco ne slubowal kmothouiczem[…] zaplaczycz dw krowu, yaco dwe kope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1419], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1046, Poznań:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1420], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 151:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1423], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 46, Warsaw:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1495, Poznań:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
143,
148
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2808, Warsaw:",
"text": "Staszek o thø krziwdø oth Abrama wstal, eze gemv krowø wzøl we dwnaczcye groszv cinszv, a on gemv[…] cinsz dawal, a on go nye chcyal wzøcz ani krowi wroczicz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1496, Poznań:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1431], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 313, Warsaw:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1879 [1440], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis, Masovia, page LXXXII:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
89
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 196r:",
"text": "Vacca est quoddam animal brutum inde vacula diminutivum Vacca mulsaria vlg. mleczna krowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1445], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 747, Warsaw:",
"text": "Pauel ne cradne ve xanzey zemy any cradzoney crowy lyczem wroczyl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
351,
356
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 113:",
"text": "ITem Gdi ktori przebivacz Myesczanyn albo vyesnyanin poddanyecz oboyey stroni xanschtwa w gymyenyu wswem Iako yest w zyczye lankach albo w dzyedzinye zapowyedzyaney Nyektorego czlowyeka drugego xanschtwa bidl rogate albo nyerogate naydzye albo powsczyangnye ma ye zayąncz A on cziye bandzye bidlo ot kaliszdego konya yeden grosch A ot koliszdego volu krowi albo Skoczyąnczya polgroschea A ot [trzech] cztirzech ovyecz yeden grosch Takyesch ot cztirzech koos ot cztirzech swyny I ot cztirzech gansy po yednemu groschu zaplacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
104
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 19, 2:",
"text": "ten to iest zakon obyati geszto iest vstavil bog przikasz synom Israelskim acz prziwyodø przed czø krowø czirwonø czalego wyekv na nyezeto nyebilobi nyzadnye pokalanye any noszila yarzma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 22:",
"text": "Akazal dwye krowye tuczny zabycz acztirzi skopi akazal prziprauicz godi wyelebne wszem swim søsyadom yprzyiacyelyom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
172
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 66-67:",
"text": "Aktorzi bily przisly z iøczstwa ofyerowaly ebyetø panu bogu israhelskemv bikow XII zawszitek israhel Skopow sescz a osmdzesyøt baranow LXXII a za zbawyenye swich duszi krow XII wszitko ku sluszbye bozey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1460], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 41:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1487:",
"text": "Krowa vacca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya yemv crovy czyrvoney ne vkradl anym yey do domv wyodl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1497], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakosmy byly przy thym lythkupye[…], jsze Adam[…] kupyl psthra krową",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Vacca crowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 39:",
"text": "Nye kradnye w szyemy ksyaschaczey kony, crow, wolow, any do Rvsy vydava",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-zlw-opl-noun-20r2MhOb",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia) cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
66
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1174], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume IV, Kujavia, Masovia, page 349:",
"text": "Contulimus eis beneficium ad magnum sal in Kraco[a]via, quod croua vlg. vocatur",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
112
]
],
"ref": "1867 [1266], Monografia opactwa cystersów we wsi Mogile, volume II, number 27, Mogiła Abbey:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] reddendo in pe petuum ab his servitiis et solutionibus, stan videlicet, strosa, povoz, crova, ovis, bobri[…] semper immunes, liberos et exemptos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"ref": "1853 [1287], Antoni Muczkowski, Leon Ryszczewski, editors, Codex diplomaticus Poloniae [Diplomatic code of Poland], volume III, page 149:",
"roman": "Facimus […] omnes […] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroża […] , krowa, bobry […] liberos",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"translation": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1295], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume I, page 136:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1297], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume II, Greater Poland, page 135:",
"text": "Absolventes incolas ipsarum villarum[…] ab omnibus solu cionibus, serviciis, exactionibus et oppressionibus[…], scilicet[…] naraz, crova, ofza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1350], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume III, Greater Poland, page 9:",
"text": "Confirmamus omnes libertates[…] absolventes[…] incolas ipsarum villarum […] ab omnibus serviciis[…], scilicet a powoz[…], a bove, a krowa, ab owcza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-zlw-opl-noun-49hsJZXu",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"tribute",
"tribute"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "krowiasty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "choroba szalonych krów"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dojna krowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowa morska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"noun"
],
"word": "krowię"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "mleko od wściekłej krowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "stara krowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "święta krowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wytłumaczyć jak krowie na rowie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "tłumaczyć jak krowie na rowie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:krowa",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krówka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowica",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowina",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowisia",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiusia",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowula",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krówsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowicha",
"tags": [
"augmentative",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krową",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi",
"aug": "krówsko,krowicha<l:dialectal>",
"dim": "krówka,krowica<l:dialectal>,krowina<l:dialectal>,krowisia<l:dialectal>,krowiusia<l:dialectal>,krowula<l:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krówka or (dialectal) krowica or (dialectal) krowina or (dialectal) krowisia or (dialectal) krowiusia or (dialectal) krowula, augmentative krówsko or (dialectal) krowicha, related adjective krowi)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "krów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 3 2 11 20 10 14 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 31 1 3 9 12 1 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "pl:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 0 46 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "byk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-jM1bR7-T",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krasula"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 3 4 22 24 5 10 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 3 2 11 20 10 14 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-dYBuseu0",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cow (any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 4 31 1 3 9 12 1 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "pl:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 0 46 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "samica"
}
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-RXByq-2v",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-8RM46WOL",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"whale",
"whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, offensive) cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babsko"
},
{
"word": "krówsko"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"handle; big boy (large bottle of vodka 0.7 litres or larger in size)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-QJEHmI6d",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"big boy",
"big boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) handle; big boy (large bottle of vodka 0.7 litres or larger in size)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 0 0 20 5 1 6 6 4 1 4 13 19 0 6 1 0 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 5 1 5 28 34 1 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 1 6 24 29 5 10 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 5 5 6 21 18 6 14 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 3 4 22 24 5 10 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 3 2 11 20 10 14 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hunk of junk; big boy (object that is too large or too heavy and therefore of little use)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-L5EDKHpX",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"hunk of junk",
"hunk of junk"
],
[
"big boy",
"big boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) hunk of junk; big boy (object that is too large or too heavy and therefore of little use)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grzmot"
},
{
"word": "kobyła"
},
{
"word": "kolubryna"
},
{
"word": "krówsko"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 6 1 1 11 5 2 7 6 4 1 4 13 20 1 6 1 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 0 0 20 5 1 6 6 4 1 4 13 19 0 6 1 0 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 1 1 11 5 2 6 6 4 1 4 12 19 2 7 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 5 1 5 28 34 1 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 2 6 24 30 2 11 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 2 6 24 30 2 11 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 1 6 24 29 5 10 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 5 5 6 21 18 6 14 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 3 4 22 24 5 10 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 6 2 6 23 30 2 11 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 3 2 11 20 10 14 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 8 3 6 18 26 2 11 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Distilled beverages",
"orig": "pl:Distilled beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 31 1 3 9 12 1 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "pl:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 0 4 24 34 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "pl:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 5 1 6 19 37 1 8 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "pl:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 1 0 1 7 79 0 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "World War II",
"orig": "pl:World War II",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-DmgvvDdO",
"links": [
[
"Nebelwerfer",
"Nebelwerfer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cattle tax; cattle delivery (obligation to provide cattle for the royal kitchen or a tax on cattle)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-pTadGK40",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"delivery",
"delivery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) cattle tax; cattle delivery (obligation to provide cattle for the royal kitchen or a tax on cattle)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 1 6 24 29 5 10 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 5 5 6 21 18 6 14 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 3 4 22 24 5 10 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 3 2 11 20 10 14 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 9 10 8 7 10 8 14 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Smoking",
"orig": "pl:Smoking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cattle dowry (cattle tribute paid to a lord by a peasant who is marrying off his daughter)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-XvvYKvjC",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"dowry",
"dowry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) cattle dowry (cattle tribute paid to a lord by a peasant who is marrying off his daughter)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 9 5 5 6 21 18 6 14 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of fajka (“pipe”)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-k3Z3kNV8",
"links": [
[
"fajka",
"fajka#Polish"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) synonym of fajka (“pipe”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "pipe",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "fajka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 8 7 7 7 8 13 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hides",
"orig": "pl:Hides",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow leather (hide or leather of a cow)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "skóra"
}
],
"id": "en-krowa-pl-noun-0BcIwc6l",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cow leather (hide or leather of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowiczka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:krowa",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nSilesian krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nSilesian krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowica",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tooltip",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krōw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "krowica"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krowica)",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "szl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "szl:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "szl",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "szl:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "szl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "szl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "byk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-szl-noun-20r2MhOb",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-szl-noun-8RM46WOL",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"whale",
"whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(offensive) cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with etymology texts",
"Kashubian entries with etymology trees",
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian feminine nouns",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian nouns",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔva",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔva/2 syllables",
"csb:Cattle",
"csb:Female animals",
"csb:Female people",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nKashubian krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nKashubian krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krówka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowina",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krówsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiszcze",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiany",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "krowianny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "comment",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krową",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowò",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karwa",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi,krowiany,krowianny",
"aug": "krówsko,krowiszcze,krowisko",
"dim": "krówka,krowina"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krówka or krowina, augmentative krówsko or krowiszcze or krowisko, related adjective krowi or krowiany or krowianny)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krusza"
},
{
"word": "mùża"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"csb:Weaving"
],
"glosses": [
"horn (part of a loom where the roller on which the finished canvas is wound that resembles the horn of a cow)"
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving) horn (part of a loom where the roller on which the finished canvas is wound that resembles the horn of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cow (woman, especially a fat one)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) cow (woman, especially a fat one)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cow (female member of the European bison)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "krowaŕ"
},
{
"word": "krowcycka"
},
{
"word": "krowicka"
},
{
"word": "krowiny"
},
{
"word": "krowisko"
},
{
"word": "krowiś se"
},
{
"word": "krowjecy"
},
{
"word": "krowjeńc"
},
{
"word": "krowkaŕ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*korva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korva",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱerh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *korva, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krowam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "krowka"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krowka)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krow"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-1"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian feminine nouns",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂-",
"Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/ɔwa",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/ɔwa/2 syllables",
"dsb:Cattle"
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.wa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔwa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people",
"zlw-opl:Cattle",
"zlw-opl:Female animals"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowne"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krówka"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "krowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "krowa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1174"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1174",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva. First attested in 1174.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (related adjective krowi)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krowa",
"10": "krowę",
"11": "krowie",
"12": "-",
"13": "-",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "-",
"17": "-",
"18": "krowach",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "krowy",
"4": "krowy",
"5": "krowu",
"6": "krów",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowica"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicka"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicki"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowik"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinoga"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinożyna"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowisz"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderska"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderski"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowodrze"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krówka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with collocations",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cow that gives milk",
"text": "mleczna krowa",
"translation": "cow that gives milk"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 18, Poznań:",
"text": "Czso Katherzina crowe zastala, to ne bila yey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 295, Poznań:",
"text": "Ta crowa, czso Czestkoui *vcardzona, tey Jacusz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 283, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako Maczey ne vcradl Voynovi crovi, ale yø nalasl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1760, Pyzdry; Gniezno; Kościan:",
"text": "Czo Szorbe crowi *vcragzoni, tich *Wafzrinecz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 67, 33, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:",
"text": "Tarzi zwerze trzczane sgromadzene iunczow wkrowach ludzskich bichø wicysnøly ie gisz kuszeni sø srzebrem",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1888 [1410], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 52:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1631, Płońsk:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1872 [XV in.], Konstanty Małkowski, editor, Przegląd najdawniejszych pomników języka polskiego, page 118:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1621, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne wzøl Gethce *dyww croww za dwe cope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1413], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1953, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne winowata[…] [cz]tirdzesanth grossy przes thwv [z]a crowø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
74
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1417], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 926, Poznań:",
"text": "Taco mu pomoz bog[…], yaco ne slubowal kmothouiczem[…] zaplaczycz dw krowu, yaco dwe kope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1419], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1046, Poznań:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1420], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 151:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1423], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 46, Warsaw:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1495, Poznań:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
143,
148
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2808, Warsaw:",
"text": "Staszek o thø krziwdø oth Abrama wstal, eze gemv krowø wzøl we dwnaczcye groszv cinszv, a on gemv[…] cinsz dawal, a on go nye chcyal wzøcz ani krowi wroczicz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1496, Poznań:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1431], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 313, Warsaw:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1879 [1440], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis, Masovia, page LXXXII:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
89
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 196r:",
"text": "Vacca est quoddam animal brutum inde vacula diminutivum Vacca mulsaria vlg. mleczna krowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1445], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 747, Warsaw:",
"text": "Pauel ne cradne ve xanzey zemy any cradzoney crowy lyczem wroczyl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
351,
356
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 113:",
"text": "ITem Gdi ktori przebivacz Myesczanyn albo vyesnyanin poddanyecz oboyey stroni xanschtwa w gymyenyu wswem Iako yest w zyczye lankach albo w dzyedzinye zapowyedzyaney Nyektorego czlowyeka drugego xanschtwa bidl rogate albo nyerogate naydzye albo powsczyangnye ma ye zayąncz A on cziye bandzye bidlo ot kaliszdego konya yeden grosch A ot koliszdego volu krowi albo Skoczyąnczya polgroschea A ot [trzech] cztirzech ovyecz yeden grosch Takyesch ot cztirzech koos ot cztirzech swyny I ot cztirzech gansy po yednemu groschu zaplacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
104
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 19, 2:",
"text": "ten to iest zakon obyati geszto iest vstavil bog przikasz synom Israelskim acz prziwyodø przed czø krowø czirwonø czalego wyekv na nyezeto nyebilobi nyzadnye pokalanye any noszila yarzma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 22:",
"text": "Akazal dwye krowye tuczny zabycz acztirzi skopi akazal prziprauicz godi wyelebne wszem swim søsyadom yprzyiacyelyom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
172
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 66-67:",
"text": "Aktorzi bily przisly z iøczstwa ofyerowaly ebyetø panu bogu israhelskemv bikow XII zawszitek israhel Skopow sescz a osmdzesyøt baranow LXXII a za zbawyenye swich duszi krow XII wszitko ku sluszbye bozey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1460], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 41:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1487:",
"text": "Krowa vacca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya yemv crovy czyrvoney ne vkradl anym yey do domv wyodl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1497], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakosmy byly przy thym lythkupye[…], jsze Adam[…] kupyl psthra krową",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Vacca crowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 39:",
"text": "Nye kradnye w szyemy ksyaschaczey kony, crow, wolow, any do Rvsy vydava",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia) cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Kuyavia Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
66
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1174], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume IV, Kujavia, Masovia, page 349:",
"text": "Contulimus eis beneficium ad magnum sal in Kraco[a]via, quod croua vlg. vocatur",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
112
]
],
"ref": "1867 [1266], Monografia opactwa cystersów we wsi Mogile, volume II, number 27, Mogiła Abbey:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] reddendo in pe petuum ab his servitiis et solutionibus, stan videlicet, strosa, povoz, crova, ovis, bobri[…] semper immunes, liberos et exemptos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"ref": "1853 [1287], Antoni Muczkowski, Leon Ryszczewski, editors, Codex diplomaticus Poloniae [Diplomatic code of Poland], volume III, page 149:",
"roman": "Facimus […] omnes […] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroża […] , krowa, bobry […] liberos",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"translation": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1295], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume I, page 136:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1297], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume II, Greater Poland, page 135:",
"text": "Absolventes incolas ipsarum villarum[…] ab omnibus solu cionibus, serviciis, exactionibus et oppressionibus[…], scilicet[…] naraz, crova, ofza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1350], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume III, Greater Poland, page 9:",
"text": "Confirmamus omnes libertates[…] absolventes[…] incolas ipsarum villarum […] ab omnibus serviciis[…], scilicet a powoz[…], a bove, a krowa, ab owcza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"tribute",
"tribute"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔva",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔva/2 syllables",
"pl:Cattle",
"pl:Distilled beverages",
"pl:Female animals",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Hides",
"pl:Marriage",
"pl:Smoking",
"pl:Weapons",
"pl:World War II",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "krowiasty"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "choroba szalonych krów"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dojna krowa"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowa morska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowica"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"noun"
],
"word": "krowię"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "mleko od wściekłej krowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "stara krowa"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "święta krowa"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wytłumaczyć jak krowie na rowie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "tłumaczyć jak krowie na rowie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:krowa",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krówka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowica",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowina",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowisia",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiusia",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krowula",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "krówsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowicha",
"tags": [
"augmentative",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krową",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi",
"aug": "krówsko,krowicha<l:dialectal>",
"dim": "krówka,krowica<l:dialectal>,krowina<l:dialectal>,krowisia<l:dialectal>,krowiusia<l:dialectal>,krowula<l:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krówka or (dialectal) krowica or (dialectal) krowina or (dialectal) krowisia or (dialectal) krowiusia or (dialectal) krowula, augmentative krówsko or (dialectal) krowicha, related adjective krowi)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "krów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "byk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krasula"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cow (any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cow (any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cow (female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "samica"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"whale",
"whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, offensive) cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babsko"
},
{
"word": "krówsko"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"handle; big boy (large bottle of vodka 0.7 litres or larger in size)"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"big boy",
"big boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) handle; big boy (large bottle of vodka 0.7 litres or larger in size)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"hunk of junk; big boy (object that is too large or too heavy and therefore of little use)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"hunk of junk",
"hunk of junk"
],
[
"big boy",
"big boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) hunk of junk; big boy (object that is too large or too heavy and therefore of little use)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grzmot"
},
{
"word": "kobyła"
},
{
"word": "kolubryna"
},
{
"word": "krówsko"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish informal terms",
"Polish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)"
],
"links": [
[
"Nebelwerfer",
"Nebelwerfer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle tax; cattle delivery (obligation to provide cattle for the royal kitchen or a tax on cattle)"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"delivery",
"delivery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) cattle tax; cattle delivery (obligation to provide cattle for the royal kitchen or a tax on cattle)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle dowry (cattle tribute paid to a lord by a peasant who is marrying off his daughter)"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"dowry",
"dowry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) cattle dowry (cattle tribute paid to a lord by a peasant who is marrying off his daughter)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of fajka (“pipe”)"
],
"links": [
[
"fajka",
"fajka#Polish"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) synonym of fajka (“pipe”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "pipe",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "fajka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cow leather (hide or leather of a cow)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "skóra"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cow leather (hide or leather of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔva",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔva/2 syllables",
"Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian feminine nouns",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowiczka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:krowa",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nSilesian krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nSilesian krowa\nInherited from Old Polish krowa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowica",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tooltip",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krōw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "krowica"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (diminutive krowica)",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "byk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Silesian offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"whale",
"whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(offensive) cow, whale (woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.va/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔva"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krowa meaning in All languages combined (40.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.